Background: Portal lymphadenopathy is frequently found in inflammatory liver diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying portal lymphadenopathy are unknown.
Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of portal lymphadenopathy in patients with serum anti-hepatitis C Virus antibody reactivity and its relationship to clinical parameters.
Patients and methods: The presence of portal lymphadenopathy was evaluated by upper abdominal Ultrasound by the same examiner in 114 patients with anti-hepatitis C Virus reactivity: 56 patients with normal liver enzyme activity and 58 randomly selected patients with increased liver enzyme activity undergoing liver biopsy. Laboratory tests were then performed in all patients the following day.
Results: Portal lymph nodes were found in a significantly higher percentage of patients with increased liver enzymes (74%) than in patients with persistently normal liver enzymes (29%: p < 0.01). Aminotransferases, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels and the percentage of patients with HCVRNA in serum and histological scores for piecemeal and lobular necrosis were significantly higher in patients showing hepatic lymph nodes. Multivariate analysis showed that only alanine aminotransferase and lobular necrosis were independently related to the presence of hepatic lymph nodes. A significant correlation was found between lymph node size, aminotransferase activity and lobular necrosis.
Conclusion: Ultrasound-proven portal lymph node enlargement is an indirect sign of hepatocellular damage in patients with positive serum anti-hepatitis C Virus antibodies.