From January 1995 to June 1998, 136 new cases of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) were seen in our center which serves all the French Basque Country (300000 inhabitants). The crude and standardized incidence rates were respectively 13.2 and 7.6 cases/100000/year. The distribution of histologic subtypes according to the REAL classification showed a good correlation with the previous published data. Eleven patients (8%) were HIV-positive and two (1.4%) were HCV carriers. Hence, in our region, contrary to Italy, there is no evidence of relationship between HCV and NHLs.