The term respiratory care has more than one meaning, referring both to a subject area within clinical medicine and to a distinct health care profession. In the light of several fundamental transformations of health care during the 20th century, this article reviews the history of respiratory care in both of these contexts and offers 10 predictions for the future: (1) Less focus on raising P(aO2) as a primary goal in managing patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. (2) More attention to the adequacy of tissue oxygenation in such patients, irrespective of P(aO2), and the emergence of "permissive hypoxemia," analogous to permissive hypercapnia, in managing them. (3) Smarter monitors that display information less but process it more, while interacting directly with ventilators and other devices to modify therapeutic interventions. (4) Increased use of and expertise with noninvasive ventilation, with a corresponding decrease in intubations and complications, in treating patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. (5) Increased use of triage in the intensive care unit, including earlier determination of the appropriateness of maximal supportive intervention. (6) Greater use of protocols in patient assessment and management, in all clinical settings. (7) Increased awareness of, expertise in, and resources for palliative care, with a more active and acknowledged role for respiratory therapists. (8) Accelerating progress in smoking cessation and prevention, and also in early detection and intervention in COPD, led by the respiratory care profession. (9) An increasing presence and impact of respiratory therapists as coordinators and care givers in home care. (10) A continued and enlarging role for the journal Respiratory Care in disseminating research findings, clinical practice guidelines, protocols, and practical educational materials in all areas of the field.