Clinical results after non-curative resection of highly advanced esophageal cancer are extremely poor. We administered concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CRT) as a multidisciplinary therapy in cases of highly advanced esophageal cancer for which non-curative resection is expected. The efficacy rate of the therapy was 59.4%, and the 3-year-survival rate 10.2%. A life-prolonging effect (the 3-year survival being 17.9%) was observed in the effective cases. Our future aim is to establish a safer, more reliable and cost-effective therapy by estimating the degree of efficacy before administration of CRT and then selecting cases suitable for CRT.