The present article offers an introduction to the aftercare of patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder. These recommendations are based on the guidelines of the German Association of Urology and the European Association of Urology. Aftercare always depends on the risk of recurrence and progression of the primary tumor and the extent of the therapy applied. Thus, after transurethral resection of a superficial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, aftercare focuses on follow-up cystoscopy. Radical cystectomy of the muscle-invading and locally advanced carcinoma should be followed by extensive examinations, including computed tomography of the pelvis and the abdomen. In addition, the various forms of urinary diversion after cystectomy with its specific late complications should be included in the aftercare. Moreover, the psychological significance of the follow-up examinations should not be neglected.