Abstract
The c-Myc oncogene has been implicated in the genesis of diverse human tumors. Ectopic expression of the c-Myc gene in cultured epithelial cells causes resistance to the antiproliferative effects of TGF-beta. However, little is known about the precise mechanisms of c-Myc-mediated TGF-beta resistance. In this study, we reveal that c-Myc physically interacts with Smad2 and Smad3, two specific signal transducers involved in TGF-beta signaling. Through its direct interaction with Smads, c-Myc binds to the Sp1-Smad complex on the promoter of the p15(Ink4B) gene, thereby inhibiting the TGF-beta-induced transcriptional activity of Sp1 and Smad/Sp1-dependent transcription of the p15(Ink4B) gene. These results suggest that oncogenic c-Myc promotes cell growth and cancer development partly by inhibiting the growth inhibitory functions of Smads.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics*
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Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism
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Cell Line
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / genetics*
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / metabolism
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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DNA-Binding Proteins* / genetics*
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DNA-Binding Proteins* / metabolism
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Humans
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Protein Binding
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / genetics*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / metabolism
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Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / genetics
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Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
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Signal Transduction
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Smad2 Protein
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Smad3 Protein
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Sp1 Transcription Factor / genetics
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Sp1 Transcription Factor / metabolism
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Trans-Activators* / genetics*
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Trans-Activators* / metabolism
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / genetics*
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
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Tumor Suppressor Proteins*
Substances
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CDKN2B protein, human
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
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Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta
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SMAD2 protein, human
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SMAD3 protein, human
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Smad2 Protein
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Smad3 Protein
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Sp1 Transcription Factor
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Trans-Activators
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Transforming Growth Factor beta
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Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases