HPMA copolymers with pH-controlled release of doxorubicin: in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity

Abstract

Data on the synthesis, physicochemical characterisation and in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the new, nontargeted or antibody-targeted polymer-doxorubicin conjugates designed as anticancer drugs are presented. In the conjugates, the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is attached to the polymer carrier via a simple hydrolytically labile spacer containing either a hydrazone bond or cis-aconitic acid residue. In vitro incubation of the conjugates in buffers led to a fast DOX release from the polymer at pH 5 (modelling intracellular environment) while at pH 7.4 (modelling blood) the conjugates are relatively stable. Cytotoxicity of the conjugates to T cell lymphoma EL4 depended on the detailed structure of the spacer and the method used for antibody attachment and was much higher compared with the effect of similar classic conjugates (DOX attached to the polymer via enzymatically degradable spacer). In both protective and therapeutic regimes of drug administration, the in vivo anti-tumor activity of the hydrazone conjugates containing only DOX was significantly enhanced (T cell lymphoma EL4, C57BL/10 mice) in comparison with free DOX or classic PK1, the PHPMA-DOX conjugate clinically tested at present. Increasing the molecular weight of the polymer carrier resulted in a more pronounced in vivo antitumor effect. Antibody-targeted conjugates with DOX bound via hydrazone bond exhibited even more extensive inhibition of the tumor growth with some long-term survivors. No survivors were observed after treatment of mice with free DOX or the nontargeted PHPMA-DOX conjugate.