This case report deals with the case history of a 45-year-old male patient who presented with an unusual case of a central odontogenic fibroma which destroyed and replaced the bone mass of the right maxilla. After clinical examination a biopsy was performed and histopathology was consistent with a central odontogenic fibroma with destructive growth. The treatment plan consisted of a surgical resection of the right maxilla. The histopathological evaluation showed a subtotal destruction of the maxillary bone mass by the odontogenic fibroma. Obvious problems concerning the differential diagnosis of odontogenic fibromas as well as current concepts regarding their exact designation and classification are discussed.