High atomic number inserts, such as hip prostheses and dental fillings, cause streak artifacts on computed tomography (CT) images when filtered back-projection (FBP) methods are used. These streak artifacts severely degrade our ability to differentiate the tumor volume. Also, incorrect Hounsfield numbers yield incorrect electron density information that may lead to erroneous dose calculations, and, as a result, compromise clinical outcomes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the dosimetric consequences of artifacts during radiotherapy planning of a prostate patient containing a hip prosthesis. The CT numbers corresponding to an iron prosthesis were inserted into the right femoral head of an existing CT image set. This artifact-free image was used as the standard image set. CT projections through the image set formed the sinogram, from which filtered back projection and iterative deblurring methods were used to create reconstructed image sets. These reconstructed image sets contained artifacts. Prostate treatment plans were then calculated using a Monte Carlo system for the standard and reconstructed CT image sets. Close to the prosthesis, the CT numbers between the reconstructed and standard image sets differed substantially. However, because the CT number differences covered only a small area, the dose distributions on the reconstructed and standard image sets were not significantly different. The dose-volume histograms for the prostate, rectum, and bladder were virtually identical. Our results indicate that even though CT image artifacts restrict our ability to differentiate tumors and critical structures, the dose distributions for a prostate plan containing a hip prosthesis, calculated on both artifact-free image sets and image sets containing artifacts, are not significantly different.