In one well-equilibrated parkinsonian patient treated with combined L-dopa and carbidopa (Sinemet), we have observed changes in treatment efficacy while receiving spiramycin (Rovamycine) for an intercurrent respiratory infection. A preliminary study of the pharmacokinetics of L-dopa and its main metabolites 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac) in two parkinsonian patients treated with Sinemet has revealed a marked decrease in the AUC0-360 of these two metabolites after a 3-day course of Rovamycine. In order to confirm this interaction, we have studied the modifications of the pharmacokinetics of L-dopa, 3-OMD, dopac, and carbidopa in eight male healthy volunteers after a single dose of Sinemet 250 (L-dopa, 250 mg and carbidopa, 25 mg) before and after a 3-day course of Rovamycine. Our study confirms this interaction. After spiramycin, we observed a marked reduction in AUC0-360 for L-dopa (p less than 0.001), 3-OMD (p less than 0.001), and carbidopa (p less than 0.001), and an increase in AUC0-360 for dopac (p less than 0.01). The L-dopa elimination half-life was increased (p less than 0.012); differences in peak plasma concentrations did not attain statistical significance. We think that these modifications in L-dopa pharmacokinetics after spiramycin are due to nonabsorption of carbidopa secondary to modified gastrointestinal motility.