The authors present the results of an enquiry made by means of questionnaires in which 298 physicians participated. The enquiry was focused on risk factors of ischaemic heart disease. 41.8% physicians did not know their cholesterol level, 22.1% admitted that they smoked and another 17.8% were ex-smokers. Only half the physicians indicate dietetic treatment of hypercholesterolaemia when the blood level is 6.2 mmol/l. These and other data in the paper indicate that behaviour and knowledge of physicians as regards prevention of cardiovascular diseases most be substantially improved.