Efficient and expedient two-step pyranose-retaining fluorescein conjugation of complex reducing oligosaccharides: galectin oligosaccharide specificity studies in a fluorescence polarization assay

Bioconjug Chem. 2003 Nov-Dec;14(6):1289-97. doi: 10.1021/bc034130j.

Abstract

Fluorescence labeling of naturally occurring saccharides provides a tool for studying lectins. A practical and efficient two-step protocol for fluorescence labeling of reducing sugars without disrupting their pyranose structure has been developed, consisting of generation of the amino sugar using NH(4)HCO(3)(s)/NH(3)(aq, concentrated) followed by BOP-mediated acylation with derivatives of 5- or 6-carboxyfluorescein. The acylated conjugates were subsequently run against galectins-1, -3, and -8, beta-galactoside recognizing lectins of current interest, in a fluorescence polarization binding assay. Upon analyzing a collection of isomerically pure 5- and 6-carboxyfluorescein derivatives with different tether lengths, we found that conjugates based on 5-carboxyfluorescein gave significantly better results than the ones based on 6-carboxyfluorescein and that galectins-1 and -8 favored conjugates with different tether lengths than did galectin-3. The results show that fluorescence labeling can be chemically tuned to find optimal probes for individual galectins but also probes interacting well with many galectins.

MeSH terms

  • Binding Sites
  • Carbohydrate Sequence
  • Carbohydrates / chemistry
  • Fluorescence Polarization / methods*
  • Galectins / chemistry*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Molecular Structure
  • Oligosaccharides / chemical synthesis
  • Oligosaccharides / chemistry*
  • Staining and Labeling

Substances

  • Carbohydrates
  • Galectins
  • Oligosaccharides