Research on psychosocial treatments for women generally has consisted of quasi-experimental studies, with few randomized controlled trials that specifically test the effectiveness of treatment for women. Review of the available research literature suggests the following: (1) women, compared with men, evidence poorer prognostic characteristics; (2) women generally do not differ significantly from men on treatment utilization or outcome, with the possible exception of employment outcomes, which have been found to be poorer for women; and (3) women may benefit significantly from enhanced treatment services. This article also discusses guidelines for treatment providers and researchers.