Examination of a 58-year-old woman who had developed severe upper back pain showed left peripheral type of facial nerve palsy, sensory disturbance of limbs and body trunk (Th7-9), cerebellar ataxia and generalized hyporeflexia. Upper back pain increased at night and was resistant to NSAIDs, antianxiety agents, opioids, and corticosteroids. Concentrations of serum CK and cerebrospinal fluid total protein were elevated. Electromyography (EMG) of perivertebral muscles (Th7-10) showed reduced recruitment and polyphasic potential. Several days later, our patient developed weakness of limbs and respiratory failure, and required mechanical ventilation. From these findings, we diagnosed her as having Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and began treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. All symptoms including upper back pain improved gradually, and she had recovered almost completely by the 40th hospitalization day. Pain, especially lower back and leg pain, have attracted attention as common symptoms in GBS. However, only one GBS patient with initial severe upper back pain has been reported. Although the precise mechanism of pain in GBS remains unclear, EMG findings lead us to surmise our patient's pain originated from the nerve roots. Limb and back pain should therefore be taken into account for the diagnosis and treatment of GBS patients.