Using data obtained during the baseline screening of the PAQUID cohort, an epidemiologic study on brain aging conducted in the Bordeaux area of France, we studied the relationship between lifetime occupation and memory performance in visual recognition (Benton Visual Retention Test; BVRT) and verbal induced recall (Wechsler Paired Associates Test; WPAT) in 2,720 elderly community residents. Occupational category was strongly correlated with poor memory performance for both the BVRT and the WPAT. Independent of the educational level, the risk of having poor memory performance was two to three times greater for farmers, domestic service employees, and blue-collar workers than for professionals/managerials. Occupational category should be taken into account in future cross-national studies on brain aging.