Erythropoietin is the most important factor in the regulation of erythropoiesis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rhuESF for patients undergoing plastic surgical procedures during which notable blood loss is expected (reduction mammoplasty in cases of macromastia and abdominoplasty obese patients) to improve the full blood count and reduce the need for transfusion. The levels of hemoglobin were significantly greater for patients pretreated with erythropoietin and iron than for the control group.