Laparoscopic surgery for the cure of colorectal cancer has been a controversial issue. In this article summarizes the surgical procedures for right-and left-sided colon cancer as well as the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) while comparing the long-term results of laparoscopic and open surgery. The RCTs revealed no significant differences in overall survival rate between laparoscopic and open procedures. In future, laparoscopic surgery will be a standard operation for a certain group of patients with colorectal cancer. Adequate skills of the surgical team and appropriate patient selection are essential.