Constitutively active G protein-coupled receptor mutants block dictyostelium development

Mol Biol Cell. 2005 Feb;16(2):562-72. doi: 10.1091/mbc.e04-06-0456. Epub 2004 Dec 1.

Abstract

cAR1, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for cAMP, is required for the multicellular development of Dictyostelium. The activation of multiple pathways by cAR1 is transient because of poorly defined adaptation mechanisms. To investigate this, we used a genetic screen for impaired development to isolate four dominant-negative cAR1 mutants, designated DN1-4. The mutant receptors inhibit multiple cAR1-mediated responses known to undergo adaptation. Reduced in vitro adenylyl cyclase activation by GTPgammaS suggests that they cause constitutive adaptation of this and perhaps other pathways. In addition, the DN mutants are constitutively phosphorylated, which normally requires cAMP binding and possess cAMP affinities that are approximately 100-fold higher than that of wild-type cAR1. Two independent activating mutations, L100H and I104N, were identified. These residues occupy adjacent positions near the cytoplasmic end of the receptor's third transmembrane helix and correspond to the (E/D)RY motif of numerous mammalian GPCRs, which is believed to regulate their activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the DN mutants are constitutively activated and block development by turning on natural adaptation mechanisms.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenylyl Cyclases / analysis
  • Adenylyl Cyclases / drug effects
  • Adenylyl Cyclases / metabolism
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Chemotaxis
  • Conserved Sequence
  • Cyclic AMP / analysis
  • Cyclic AMP / biosynthesis*
  • Cyclic AMP / metabolism
  • Dictyostelium / cytology
  • Dictyostelium / genetics
  • Dictyostelium / growth & development
  • Dictyostelium / metabolism*
  • Enzyme Activation / drug effects
  • Genes, Dominant
  • Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / pharmacology
  • Kinetics
  • Models, Biological
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutation*
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / chemistry
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / genetics*
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / metabolism
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Substances

  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)
  • Cyclic AMP
  • Adenylyl Cyclases