Although older adults represent the fastest-growing segment of the population, we have just begun to understand the nature of anxiety and depression in this age group. In this review, current models of anxiety and depression are examined, with consideration of similarities and differences between data drawn from younger and older adults. Studies that look at the content of specific cognitions associated with anxiety, depression, and cognitive processes, such as attention and memory, are examined. Consideration is given to areas for clinical application and future research.