Axillary sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer: a single lymphatic pathway drains the entire mammary gland

Eur J Surg Oncol. 2005 Jun;31(5):479-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2005.03.001. Epub 2005 Apr 26.

Abstract

Aim: To report the pattern of lymphatic mapping following intrasubdermal injections of radiocolloid and of blue dye in different sites of the breast.

Methods: Prior to surgery 137 breast cancer patients underwent intrasubdermal injection of 30-50 MBq 99mTc-colloidal albumin over the tumour site (ISI group). Ten minutes before surgery, 2 ml patent blue was injected in the subareolar area (SAI group) in 117/137 patients, while 20 patients received intrasubdermal blue-dye in the quadrant opposite the tumour site (OQI group). The different injection routes were considered concordant when the hottest sLN was also blue.

Results: In 134/137 patients radiocolloid drained to one or more axillary nodes, while blue nodes were found in 98/117 SAI patients and in 17/20 OQI patients. Multiple hot nodes were found in 63/134 cases and multiple blue nodes in 35/115. In patients in whom both tracers reached the axilla, the hottest node was also blue in 108/115 cases (93/98 SAI and 15/17 OQI patients). In the seven discordant cases, the hottest node was not blue, but in two cases the blue node was also radioactive.

Conclusions: Superficial lymphatic drainage from the breast most frequently merges to a single axillary lymph node, irrespective of the site of tracer injection. In a few cases different injection sites identify different, often closely interconnected sLNs.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Axilla
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Breast Neoplasms / surgery
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Injections / methods
  • Lymph Nodes / diagnostic imaging*
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Middle Aged
  • Radionuclide Imaging
  • Radiopharmaceuticals*
  • Rosaniline Dyes
  • Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
  • Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin*

Substances

  • Radiopharmaceuticals
  • Rosaniline Dyes
  • Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin
  • sulfan blue