Cell death induced by the herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase delivered by human immunodeficiency virus-1-based virus-like particles

Mol Ther. 2005 Dec;12(6):1185-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.06.474. Epub 2005 Aug 10.

Abstract

HIV-1 Nef incorporates into virions at low levels, likely about 10 molecules per viral particle. Here, we describe a Nef mutant (Nef7) apparently showing more than 100-fold higher efficiency of virion incorporation. Interestingly, Nef7 can act as a cargo molecule for protein delivery into the cells, as its virion incorporation appeared conserved even upon C-terminal fusion with proteins of up to 30 kDa. This was demonstrated first by assessing the intracellular fluorescence of cells challenged with lentivirus-based virus-like particles (VLPs) pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein (VSV-G) and incorporating Nef7 fused with the green fluorescent protein. Furthermore, the biologic activity of products delivered by Nef7-based VLPs was demonstrated by tagging Nef7 with the herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase (HSV-1 TK). In fact, we observed that both cell lines and primary human macrophages challenged with (VSV-G) Nef7/TK VLPs died after 5 to 7 days of treatment with ganciclovir (GCV). In sum, our findings support the notion that Nef7-based VLPs can be considered platforms for original systems of protein delivery. In particular, the here- described Nef7/TK VLPs represent a first applicative example opening the way toward new HSV-1 TK/GCV-based cell suicide therapies circumventing cell gene engineering procedures.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Blotting, Western
  • Cell Line
  • Detergents / pharmacology
  • Ganciclovir / pharmacology
  • Gene Transfer Techniques*
  • Genetic Therapy / methods
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
  • HIV-1 / genetics*
  • Herpesvirus 1, Human / enzymology*
  • Humans
  • Kinetics
  • Lentivirus / genetics
  • Macrophages / metabolism
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism
  • Membrane Microdomains
  • Models, Genetic
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / chemistry
  • Retroviridae / genetics
  • Thymidine Kinase / genetics*
  • Time Factors
  • Viral Envelope Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Detergents
  • G protein, vesicular stomatitis virus
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Viral Envelope Proteins
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • Thymidine Kinase
  • Ganciclovir