[Nontuberculous mycobacteria in cystic fibrosis]

Arch Pediatr. 2005 Aug:12 Suppl 2:S117-21. doi: 10.1016/s0929-693x(05)80026-0.
[Article in French]

Abstract

Patients with cystic fibrosis are particularly at risk of infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Prevalence of these infections increases with age to around 15 %. The main species involved are M. abscessus and M. avium, the latter not found in children under 15. Diagnosis relies on clinical, radiological and above all bacteriological criteria defined by the ATS. Identification of the causal species of NTM is essential and requires genetic techniques, some of which are currently evaluated. Treatment depends on the mycobacterial species. For M. avium, combined therapy with rifampicin, clarithromycin and ethambutol must be extended 12 months after negativation. M. abscessus infection is particularly resistant to therapy. Usual treatment is a one month course of intravenous imipenem or cefoxitin plus amikacin followed by oral clarithromycin plus ethambutol for at least 12 months after negativation. In case of local lesions, surgery is an option.

Publication types

  • English Abstract
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Antibiotics, Antitubercular / therapeutic use
  • Antitubercular Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Child
  • Clarithromycin / therapeutic use
  • Cystic Fibrosis / complications*
  • Cystic Fibrosis / diagnosis
  • Cystic Fibrosis / drug therapy
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Ethambutol / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / complications*
  • Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / diagnosis
  • Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / drug therapy
  • Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / isolation & purification
  • Rifampin / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antibiotics, Antitubercular
  • Antitubercular Agents
  • Ethambutol
  • Clarithromycin
  • Rifampin