Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging in Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome and review of the literature

Abstract

Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome, or cerebello-trigeminal-dermal dysplasia (OMIM#601853), is a rare syndrome comprising cerebellar abnormalities, parieto-occipital alopecia, trigeminal nerve anesthesia, intellectual impairment, craniosynostosis, short stature, and craniofacial anomalies. It has been reported in ten patients, five of whom are Brazilian. Rhombencephalosynapsis is a rare sporadic cerebellar anomaly comprising fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres with agenesis of the cerebellar vermis. Rhombencephalosynapsis is a constant feature of Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome. We present the clinical and imaging findings of a Caucasian male infant with Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome. Rhombencephalosynapsis was diagnosed with fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after an abnormally shaped small cerebellum was detected by antenatal ultrasound (US). Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome was diagnosed at age 6 weeks when parietal alopecia was noted. Prenatal imaging studies of Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome have not been published before. When rhombencephalosynapsis is diagnosed prenatally, the clinical features of Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome should be sought at postnatal review. Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome and isolated rhombencephalosynapsis may have a common etiology.