Gender-specific association of alexithymia and norepinephrine/cortisol ratios. A preliminary report

J Psychosom Res. 2005 Aug;59(2):73-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.07.006.

Abstract

Objective: Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) and decreased cortisol (C) levels, resulting in a high N/C ratio, at least among male alcoholics. We aimed to explore if this association can also be found in other populations.

Methods: Twenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained from 12 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) and tested for N and free C. Participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Symptom Check List (SCL).

Results: Controlling for depression, the neuroendocrine parameters did not differ between the MDD and HC participants nor between women and men. The TAS was not associated with N, C or the N/C ratio in the MDD and HC participants nor in females alone. However, in men, the N/C ratio correlated significantly with the TAS (r = .80).

Conclusions: Our preliminary findings indicate that alexithymia is associated with an increased noradrenergic activity and a decreased basal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis among men. This gender difference may reflect divergent underlying neurobiological processes of alexithymia in men and women.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Affective Symptoms / epidemiology*
  • Affective Symptoms / physiopathology
  • Affective Symptoms / urine*
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / epidemiology
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / physiopathology
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / urine
  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydrocortisone / urine*
  • Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / physiopathology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Norepinephrine / urine*
  • Pituitary-Adrenal System / physiopathology
  • Sex Factors
  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / epidemiology
  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / physiopathology
  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / urine

Substances

  • Hydrocortisone
  • Norepinephrine