Inhibition of IFN-gamma transcription by site-specific methylation during T helper cell development

EMBO J. 2006 Jun 7;25(11):2443-52. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601148. Epub 2006 May 25.

Abstract

Polarization of naïve CD4 T cells into T helper type 2 (TH2) cells is characterized by expression of IL-4 and silencing of IFN-gamma. Here we show that during TH2 polarization, the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a is recruited to the IFN-gamma promoter and correspondingly the promoter undergoes progressive de novo methylation. Notably, the CpG located at the -53 position becomes methylated rapidly and this methylation inhibits ATF2/c-Jun and CREB transcription factor binding in vitro. In vivo, the same factors bind to the unmethylated IFN-gamma promoter in T helper type 1 (TH1) cells but not the methylated IFN-gamma promoter in TH2 cells. Furthermore, methylation at the -53 CpG alone is sufficient to inhibit the IFN-gamma promoter-driven reporter gene expression in a TH1 cell line. These findings suggest that rapid methylation of the evolutionarily conserved -53 CpG by Dnmt3a may suppress IFN-gamma transcription in developing TH2 cells by directly inhibiting transcription factor binding.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Activating Transcription Factor 2 / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Cells, Cultured
  • CpG Islands
  • Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / metabolism
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / metabolism
  • DNA Methylation*
  • DNA Methyltransferase 3A
  • Gene Expression Regulation*
  • Genes, Reporter
  • Humans
  • Interferon-gamma / genetics
  • Interferon-gamma / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets*
  • T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / cytology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / physiology*
  • Transcription, Genetic*

Substances

  • Activating Transcription Factor 2
  • Atf2 protein, mouse
  • Creb1 protein, mouse
  • Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
  • DNMT3A protein, human
  • Dnmt3a protein, mouse
  • Interferon-gamma
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases
  • DNA Methyltransferase 3A