Adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of stage II-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer is now the standard of care based on the results of 3 phase III studies using cisplatin-based regimens, IALT (International Adjuvant Lung Trial), The National Cancer Institute of Canada JBR.10, and ANITA (Adjuvant Navelbine International Trialist Association). The role of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IB disease remains controversial, even more so now that the updated results from CALGB (Cancer and Leukemia Group B) trial 9633 are statistically negative. CALGB 9633 was the only randomized adjuvant trial to use a carboplatin backbone and focused exclusively on patients with stage IB disease. Initial results, reported in 2004, showed a significant survival advantage with the addition of chemotherapy, but the 2006 updated results are no longer statistically significant. The next large intergroup adjuvant trial in non-small-cell lung cancer will look at bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy. Because of the recent update, this trial will now limit patients with stage IB disease to those with larger tumors (>or= 4 cm) and will likely include only cisplatin-based regimens.