[Apnea of prematurity: risk factors and ambulatory treatment with caffeine citrate]

Arch Pediatr. 2006 Oct;13(10):1299-304. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2006.06.016. Epub 2006 Aug 21.
[Article in French]

Abstract

Introduction: Apnea of prematurity develop during the first days of life and usually resolve by the time the infant reaches 36-37 weeks postmenstrual age. In a few cases, they persist beyond term, especially in infants delivered at the youngest gestational ages (24-28 GA), and require specific care. In our unit, those preterm babies are discharged home with caffeine citrate treatment. Discontinuing the treatment is performed in hospital when they achieve a postmenstrual age of at least 42 weeks.

Objective: To identify predictive factors of persistent apnea in preterm babies.

Material and methods: Retrospective study comparing a population of 41 preterm infants discharged with treatment to 123 preterm babies discharged without treatment to identify predictors of persistent apnea.

Results: Factors significantly associated were: birth weight<1500 g, initial hypotension, gastroesophageal reflux, need for continuous positive airway pressure and multiparity. At home, no infant died and no adverse effect was reported by parents.

Conclusion: Persistent apnea can be responsible for prolonged hospitalization. Risk factors can be identified in some children. Discharging with treatment can be an alternative to their hospitalization.

MeSH terms

  • Ambulatory Care
  • Apnea / complications
  • Apnea / drug therapy*
  • Birth Weight
  • Caffeine / therapeutic use*
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants / therapeutic use*
  • Citrates / therapeutic use*
  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
  • Female
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux / complications
  • Humans
  • Hypotension / complications
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Infant, Premature
  • Infant, Premature, Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Male
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy, Multiple
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
  • Citrates
  • Caffeine
  • caffeine citrate