Interaction of angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion-deletion polymorphism and daily salt intake influences hypertension in Japanese men

Hypertens Res. 2006 Oct;29(10):751-8. doi: 10.1291/hypres.29.751.

Abstract

The contribution of angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion-deletion polymorphism (ACE I/D) to salt-sensitivity hypertension has been extensively studied by means of salt-loading tests, but whether or not the interaction with daily salt intake affects blood pressure still remains to be clarified. We therefore conducted a cross-sectional study of 284 Japanese male workers (age range, 20-64 years) to examine the effect of ACE I/D genotype and daily salt intake on hypertension. Blood pressure was measured and the ACE I/D was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Daily salt intake was calculated from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In multivariate analyses, we explored the interaction of ACE I/D and salt intake by means of logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. ACE I/D per se was not associated with blood pressure levels or hypertension. ACE I/D interacted with daily salt intake and correlated with hypertension (p for interaction = 0.047). In the ID+II genotype, hypertension was increased by high salt intake (p = 0.005), while in the DD genotype it was not (p = 0.257). The interaction was more prominent in the overweight group (p = 0.039) than in non-overweight group. In the overweight group, high salt intake induced a 10.5 mmHg higher diastolic blood pressure in the ID+II genotype than in the DD genotype (p = 0.042). Our results suggest that ACE I/D and daily salt intake constitute a gene-environment interaction, which may be further modulated by overweight.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Body Mass Index
  • Gene Deletion
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease / ethnology
  • Genotype
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / ethnology
  • Hypertension / genetics*
  • Hypertension / metabolism*
  • Japan / epidemiology
  • Linear Models
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Obesity / genetics
  • Obesity / metabolism
  • Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / blood
  • Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / genetics*
  • Phenotype
  • Polymorphism, Genetic*
  • Risk Factors
  • Sodium Chloride, Dietary / adverse effects*

Substances

  • Sodium Chloride, Dietary
  • Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A