Osteoporosis is a major health problem, mainly characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD). Osteocalcin (also known as BGP, for bone Gla protein) is a significant biomarker of bone turnover and thus the BGP gene has been considered as an important candidate gene for osteoporosis. A few studies on the relationship between variants of the BGP gene and BMD variation, via traditional association and/or linkage methods, have yielded conflicting results. In the present study, we simultaneously tested linkage and/or association of the BGP HindIII polymorphism with BMD in a large cohort of pre-menopausal Chinese women. A total of 1,263 subjects from 402 Chinese nuclear families were examined. Each family consists of both parents and at least one daughter aged between 20-45 years. BMDs at the lumbar spine and hip were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Using the QTDT (quantitative transmission disequilibrium test) program, we did not detect significant evidence of linkage or association between the BGP HindIII polymorphisms and the BMD variation at any skeletal site. Our data do not support the BGP gene having a major effect on BMD variation in pre-menopausal Chinese women.