Background: Colonoscopy is frequently performed in ulcerative colitis (UC), but its benefit in the management of the disease is a matter of debate. The objective was to determine the clinical impact of colonoscopy in UC.
Methods: Consecutive patients with UC undergoing colonoscopy were studied. The design and main outcome measurement was appropriateness of indications, evaluated according to guidelines. Endoscopic findings altering the management of the patients were registered. The endoscopist's management decisions based on patient's clinical picture were compared with those selected after endoscopy. Need for further investigations was recorded. Endpoints for colonoscopy-improving management were prospectively defined: change in medical therapy, need for adjunctive procedures, identification or exclusion of cancer, adenomatous polyps, or other conditions with clinical impact. The setting was an open access endoscopy service in a tertiary care center.
Results: In all, 507 patients (268 male, 239 female, mean age 42 years) were included. Colonoscopy was indicated in 60.8% of cases. In 46% of patients endoscopy revealed a significant lesion; this rate was higher for indicated (67.2) than for not indicated procedures (13.5%, P < 0.0001). The endoscopist's decision was altered by the endoscopic finding in 7.6% of cases and was not different between appropriate and inappropriate procedures.
Conclusions: Endoscopy is a potent tool in the management of UC if correctly used. However, in the majority of cases a correct therapeutic decision may be established simply on the basis of the clinical picture. Relevant endoscopic findings have a relatively low impact on the medical treatment, but may have a very important value in the prognostic assessment of the disease.