Ocular nanoparticle toxicity and transfection of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium

Nanomedicine. 2008 Dec;4(4):340-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.06.003. Epub 2008 Jul 18.

Abstract

Chitosan, PCEP (poly{[(cholesteryl oxocarbonylamido ethyl) methyl bis(ethylene) ammonium iodide] ethyl phosphate}), and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were evaluated for the safe delivery of genes in the eye. Rabbits were injected with nanoparticles either intravitreally (IV) or subretinally (SR) and sacrificed 7 days later. Eyes were grossly evaluated for retinal pigment epithelium abnormalities, retinal degeneration, and inflammation. All eyes were cryopreserved and sectioned for analysis of toxicity and expression of either enhanced green or red fluorescent proteins. All of the nanoparticles were able to transfect cells in vitro and in vivo. IV chitosan showed inflammation in 12/13 eyes, whereas IV PCEP and IV MNPs were not inflammatory and did not induce retinal pathology. SR PCEP was nontoxic in the majority of cases but yielded poor transfection, whereas SR MNPs were nontoxic and yielded good transfection. Therefore, we conclude that the best nanoparticle evaluated in vivo was the least toxic nanoparticle tested, the MNP.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Chitosan / administration & dosage
  • Chitosan / chemistry
  • Chitosan / toxicity
  • Eye / drug effects
  • Eye / metabolism
  • Eye / pathology
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / chemistry
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Microscopy, Confocal
  • Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  • Microscopy, Immunoelectron
  • Nanoparticles / administration & dosage*
  • Nanoparticles / chemistry
  • Nanoparticles / toxicity
  • Polymers / administration & dosage
  • Polymers / chemistry
  • Polymers / toxicity
  • Rabbits
  • Retina / drug effects*
  • Retina / pathology
  • Retina / ultrastructure
  • Retinal Pigment Epithelium / drug effects*
  • Retinal Pigment Epithelium / pathology
  • Retinal Pigment Epithelium / ultrastructure
  • Transfection / methods

Substances

  • Polymers
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • Chitosan