In a context of continuous spread health technologies, in which particular intensive procedures are performed, the use of procedure volume indicators supports the decision making process in monitoring and improving the healthcare quality. The aim of our work focuses on the evaluation of the association between the volume of procedures performed by organizational units inside an Italian University Hospital and the results in terms of mortality and prolonged length of stay (LOS). Volume indicators concerning esophageal resection, pancreatic resection, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, coronary artery bypass graft and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were analysed according to the Agency of Health Care Research and Quality's criteria. A retrospective observational study was conducted analysing hospital discharged databases and operating room records for the period 2000-2005. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were performed using SPSS software 13.0 version. Regarding prolonged LOS, a statistical significant difference emerged among high and low volume organizational units for pancreatic resections, bypass, and angioplasty with respectively adjusted OR at 2.4 (C.I. 95% 1.04-5.53); 1.67 (C.I. 95% 1.29-2.16) and 3.34 (CI 95% 2.60-4.28). For mortality, a statistical significant difference emerged for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and bypass with respectively OR at 21.02 (C.I. 95% 2.22-199.64) and 26.55 (C.I. 95% 15.30 - 46.07). The use of procedure volume indicators could help hospital administrators and medical professionals balance competing values such as control of cost and continuous quality improvement.