Evolution rescues folding of human immunodeficiency virus-1 envelope glycoprotein GP120 lacking a conserved disulfide bond

Mol Biol Cell. 2008 Nov;19(11):4707-16. doi: 10.1091/mbc.e08-07-0670. Epub 2008 Aug 27.

Abstract

The majority of eukaryotic secretory and membrane proteins contain disulfide bonds, which are strongly conserved within protein families because of their crucial role in folding or function. The exact role of these disulfide bonds during folding is unclear. Using virus-driven evolution we generated a viral glycoprotein variant, which is functional despite the lack of an absolutely conserved disulfide bond that links two antiparallel beta-strands in a six-stranded beta-barrel. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that improved hydrogen bonding and side chain packing led to stabilization of the beta-barrel fold, implying that beta-sheet preference codirects glycoprotein folding in vivo. Our results show that the interactions between two beta-strands that are important for the formation and/or integrity of the beta-barrel can be supported by either a disulfide bond or beta-sheet favoring residues.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Antibodies, Viral / chemistry
  • Computer Simulation
  • Conserved Sequence*
  • Disulfides / chemistry*
  • Evolution, Molecular*
  • Glycoproteins / chemistry
  • Glycoproteins / metabolism
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / chemistry*
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / metabolism*
  • HIV-1 / chemistry*
  • HIV-1 / immunology
  • HIV-1 / pathogenicity
  • HIV-1 / physiology
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutant Proteins / chemistry
  • Mutant Proteins / metabolism
  • Protein Folding*
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Virion / chemistry
  • Virus Replication

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Disulfides
  • Glycoproteins
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120
  • Mutant Proteins