Interaction between PAR-3 and the aPKC-PAR-6 complex is indispensable for apical domain development of epithelial cells

J Cell Sci. 2009 May 15;122(Pt 10):1595-606. doi: 10.1242/jcs.043174. Epub 2009 Apr 28.

Abstract

The evolutionarily conserved polarity proteins PAR-3, atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and PAR-6 critically regulate the apical membrane development required for epithelial organ development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their roles remain to be clarified. We demonstrate that PAR-3 knockdown in MDCK cells retards apical protein delivery to the plasma membrane, and eventually leads to mislocalized apical domain formation at intercellular regions in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture systems. The defects in PAR-3 knockdown cells are efficiently rescued by wild-type PAR-3, but not by a point mutant (S827/829A) that lacks the ability to interact with aPKC, indicating that formation of the PAR-3-aPKC-PAR-6 complex is essential for apical membrane development. This is in sharp contrast with tight junction maturation, which does not necessarily depend on the aPKC-PAR-3 interaction, and indicates that the two fundamental processes essential for epithelial polarity are differentially regulated by these polarity proteins. Importantly, highly depolarized cells accumulate aPKC and PAR-6, but not PAR-3, on apical protein-containing vacuoles, which become targeted to PAR-3-positive primordial cell-cell contact sites during the initial stage of the repolarization process. Therefore, formation of the PAR-3-aPKC-PAR-6 complex might be required for targeting of not only the aPKC-PAR-6 complex but also of apical protein carrier vesicles to primordial junction structures.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / genetics
  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules / genetics
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules / metabolism*
  • Cell Communication*
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Membrane / enzymology
  • Cell Polarity*
  • Collagen / metabolism
  • Cysts / enzymology
  • Dogs
  • Epithelial Cells / enzymology*
  • Gels
  • Humans
  • Isoenzymes / genetics
  • Isoenzymes / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mutation
  • Protein Kinase C / genetics
  • Protein Kinase C / metabolism*
  • Protein Transport
  • RNA Interference
  • RNA, Small Interfering / metabolism
  • Tight Junctions / enzymology
  • Time Factors
  • Transfection
  • Vacuoles / enzymology*
  • beta Karyopherins / metabolism

Substances

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Gels
  • Isoenzymes
  • PARD6A protein, human
  • Pard3 protein, mouse
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • beta Karyopherins
  • late gestation lung 2 karyopherin
  • Collagen
  • Protein Kinase C
  • protein kinase C lambda