Identification of a functional nuclear export sequence in diacylglycerol kinase-zeta

Cell Cycle. 2010 Jan 15;9(2):384-8. doi: 10.4161/cc.9.2.10469. Epub 2010 Jan 29.

Abstract

Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are key regulators of diacylglycerol-dependent signaling pathways. Among the 10 DGK isoforms, DGK-zeta is the only nuclear form that contains a nuclear localization signal. Here, by site-directed mutagenesis, we showed that DGK-zeta also displays a functional independent nuclear export signal (NES) sequence between the amino acid residues 362-370. Indeed, the NES mutant forms of DGK-zeta accumulated in the nucleus to a much greater extent than wildtype DGK-zeta. Moreover, treatment with leptomycin B, an inhibitor of leucine-rich type NES, resulted in accumulation of both endogenous and ectopically expressed DGK-zeta in the nucleus, demonstrating that nuclear export of DGK-zeta is chromosome regional maintenance protein 1 (CRM1)-dependent. Previously, we reported that nuclear DGK-zeta is a negative regulator of cell cycle progression in C2C12 mouse myoblasts. In this paper, we documented that enhancement of DGK-zeta nuclear localization by NES sequence mutation, increases G(0)/G(1) block in C2C12 cells. Overall, our data demonstrate that DGK-zeta export from nucleus to cytoplasm is regulated by a leucine-rich NES through the exportin CRM1 and suggest that the nuclear localization of DGK-zeta could finely tune its function as a regulator of G(1)/S cell cycle transition.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / pharmacology
  • Cell Nucleus / enzymology*
  • Diacylglycerol Kinase / chemistry*
  • Diacylglycerol Kinase / genetics
  • Diacylglycerol Kinase / metabolism*
  • Exportin 1 Protein
  • Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / pharmacology
  • G1 Phase
  • Karyopherins / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Nuclear Export Signals* / genetics
  • Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / metabolism
  • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
  • Resting Phase, Cell Cycle
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
  • Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
  • Karyopherins
  • Nuclear Export Signals
  • Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Diacylglycerol Kinase
  • diacylglycerol kinase zeta, mouse
  • leptomycin B