Objective: To describe the technique, efficacy, and safety of multimodality interventional treatments for biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The core of multimodality interventional treatments is percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD).
Methods: From January 2006 to May 2008, seventy-two patients with biliary complications afte OLT were closed in our study. On the basis of the cholangiographic appearance, patients were classified into 4 groups: anastomotic biliary strictures (n = 19), hilar biliary strictures (n = 16), multifocal/diffuse biliary strictures (n = 31), and anastomotic biliary fistulae (n = 6). All patients were treated in our hospital, including PTBD only in 6 patients, PTBD combined with balloon dilation in 50 patients, balloon dilation and plastic stent implantation in 10 patients, balloon dilation and metallic stent implantation in 6 patients. Their data were analyzed retrospectively, including serum hemobilirubin, cholangiographic appearance and complications.
Results: PTBD were successful in all cases. The clinical symptoms improved or eliminated were observed in 66 cases, the effective rate was 91.7% (66/72). Among 72 patients, 26 patients were free of drainage tube, 8 patients underwent second PTBD for the obstruction of biliary stents, and 38 patients maintained drainage tube for long-term. In 66 patients with biliary obstruction, the direct bilirubin was (145 +/- 106) micromol/L before treatments and 76 micromol/L +/- 59 micromol/L one month after PTBD (t = 3.78, P < 0.001). The rate of biliary tract infection was 14.3% and 43.8% respectively with the tip of drainage tube placed in biliary duct and in duodenum. There was a significantly statistical difference between these two items (chi(2) = 4.886, P = 0.027).
Conclusion: PTBD combined with balloon dilation and biliary stent implantation is a effective therapeutic modality for biliary complications after OLT, which can improve patients' clinical symptoms, elevate patients' quality of life. The tip of drainage tube being placed in biliary duct can decrease the rate of biliary tract infection significantly.