Mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes lead to tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), which is characterized clinically by mental retardation, epilepsy, and benign tumors affecting multiple tissues. Numerous components of the TSC protein complex remain uncharacterized. Here we report the purification of the TSC1 complex under physiological conditions using a proteomic strategy. We purified the TSC1 protein complex using a tandem affinity purification method and identified a protein complex containing 139 components. Two known binding proteins of TSC1 (TSC2 and DOCK7) were identified along with other new potential partners, which cover reported and novel TSC1 functional categories. Bioinformatics and biochemical methods were used to evaluate the observed protein-protein interactions. A comparative analysis with a published expression proteomics/genomics study of TSC1 revealed more than 20 common candidates that might be functionally relevant. The data set provides new directions in which to expand our knowledge of the functions of TSC1 and the mechanisms of TSC. The results are highly reliable, which is reflected by the identification of a few reported partners of TSC1 and many TSC1/2-regulated proteins. Interestingly, many new functional categories were identified, such as DNA repair, which provide novel hints to the function of TSC1. Moreover, a few neuronal disease-related proteins that might regulate the normal functions of neurons were identified. Thus, the results suggest that many of the new interactions should be biologically significance. It will be interesting to further investigate the regulatory mechanisms of these components.