Prognostic factors and patterns of recurrence in esophageal cancer assert arguments for extended two-field transthoracic esophagectomy

Abstract

Background: High recurrence rates determine the dismal outcome in esophageal cancer. We reviewed our experiences and defined prognostic factors and patterns of recurrences after curatively intended transthoracic esophagectomy.

Methods: Between January 1991 and December 2005, 212 consecutive patients underwent a radical transthoracic esophagectomy with extended 2-field lymphadenectomy. Recurrence rates, survival, and prognostic factors were analyzed (minimal follow-up period, 2 y).

Results: Radicality was obtained in 85.6%. The median follow-up period was 26.6 months. The overall recurrence rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 28%, 44%, and 64%, respectively, and locoregional recurrence rate was 17%, 27%, and 43%, respectively. Overall survival rates, including postoperative deaths, were 45% and 34% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. pT stage and lymph node (LN) ratio greater than .20 were independent prognostic factors for survival and recurrences. Radicality was most prognostic for survival, and for N+ greater than 4 positive LN for recurrences.

Conclusions: Radicality and LN ratio are strong prognostic factors. High radicality and adequate nodal assessment are guaranteed by an extended transthoracic approach.