Many gene variants are involved in the susceptibility to schizophrenia and some of them are expected to be associated with other human characters. Recently reported meta-analysis of genetic associations revealed nucleotide variants in synaptic vesicular transport/Golgi apparatus genes with schizophrenia. In this study, we selected the dymeclin gene (DYM) as a candidate gene for schizophrenia. The DYM gene encodes dymeclin that has been identified to be associated with the Golgi apparatus and with transitional vesicles of the reticulum-Golgi interface. A three-step case-control study of total of 2105 Japanese cases of schizophrenia and 2087 Japanese control subjects was carried out for tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DYM gene and an association between an SNP, rs833497, and schizophrenia was identified (allelic P=2 × 10(-5), in the total sample). DYM is the causal gene for Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome and this study shows the second neuropsychiatric disorder in which the DYM gene is involved. The present data support the involvement of Golgi function and vesicular transport in the presynapse in schizophrenia.