A key aspect in planning laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy is mapping of vascular variations. Lumbar veins and early-branching renal arteries are of utmost importance. To date, 43 candidates including 18 men and 25 women aged 25 to 67 years have been examined at our clinic using 16-section multidetector-row computed tomography angiography. Each examination was double-checked by an experienced radiologist. Of the 43 patients, 31 underwent surgery. In 29 of 31 patients (93.5%), the anatomy observed during surgery was identical to that demonstrated on the preoperative computed tomography scan. In 1 of 2 patients, 2 separate arteries were found at surgery, rather than the prognosticated early-branching arteries. In this patient, conversion to open surgery was necessary. In the other patient, a lumbar vein running into a retroaortic renal vein was discovered. In this patient, a 6-mm length of the joint stem contained the wall of the aorta and the periaortic tissue; thus, technically they were of separate origins. Careful mapping of the anatomy helps to prevent unexpected operative complications that are difficult to manage. Correct interpretation of the data must always be based on agreement between the radiologist and the surgeon.
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