Characterization of C-alkyl amidines as bioavailable covalent reversible inhibitors of human DDAH-1

ChemMedChem. 2011 Jan 3;6(1):81-8. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201000392.

Abstract

C-Alkyl amidine analogues of asymmetric N(ω),N(ω)-dimethyl-L-arginine are dual-targeted inhibitors of both human DDAH-1 and nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and provide a promising scaffold for the development of therapeutics to control NO overproduction in a variety of pathologies including septic shock and some cancers. Using a two-part click-chemistry-mediated activity probe, a homologated series of C-alkyl amidines were ranked for their ability to inhibit DDAH-1 within cultured HEK 293T cells. N⁵-(1-Iminopentyl)-L-ornithine was determined to be the most potent compound in vitro (K(d)=7 μM) as well as in cultured cells, and the binding conformation and covalent reversible mode of inhibition was investigated by comparison of interactions made with DDAH-1 and a catalytically inactive C274S variant, as gauged by X-ray crystallography and isothermal titration calorimetry. By interrupting the ability of the inhibitor to form a covalent bond, the contribution of this interaction could be estimated. These results suggest that further stabilization of the covalent adduct is a promising strategy for lead optimization in the design of effective reagents to block NO synthesis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Amidines* / pharmacology
  • Aminohydrolases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Aminohydrolases / genetics
  • Aminohydrolases / metabolism
  • Arginine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Arginine / metabolism
  • Biological Availability
  • Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  • Cell Line
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Enzyme Inhibitors* / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Kinetics
  • Nitric Oxide / metabolism
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase / metabolism

Substances

  • Amidines
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Nitric Oxide
  • N,N-dimethylarginine
  • Arginine
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase
  • Aminohydrolases