An admixture analysis of the age at index episodes in bipolar disorder

Abstract

The interaction between polarity at onset (PAO) and age at onset (AAO) appears to be important for interpreting results of previous analyses of AAO in bipolar disorder (BD). Using an admixture analysis, we examined independently the distributions of age at first depressive and hypomanic/manic episodes in 379 BD I and II patients. Subsequently, we examined the association of PAO and AAO with specific clinical variables, using parametric and nonparametric analyses. Both depressive and manic onsets showed bimodal distributions. For depressive episodes, the means were: 18.5±4.1 (early onset) and 33.6±10.4 (late onset) years; and for manic episodes 18.9±3.3 (early onset) and 34.8±10.9 (late onset) years. For the overall AAO the best fit was for a mixture of three lognormal distributions (mean±S.D.): 15.5±2.0, 22.8±4.6, and 36.1±10.1years. Overall, an early onset was significantly associated with a chronic course of the disorder, a stronger family history of affective disorder, higher rates of rapid cycling, suicidal behavior, psychotic symptoms, and co-morbid anxiety disorders. Early onset depressive episodes were associated with higher rates of suicidal behavior and anxiety disorders, whereas early onset manic episodes were associated with psychotic symptoms and rapid cycling. Our results suggest the presence of a bimodal distribution of age at onset in BD according to the polarity of the index episode, and denote that an early onset BD, irrespective of polarity, may be a more serious subtype of the disorder.