Abstract
There is a high frequency of diarrhea and vomiting in childhood. As a consequence the focus of the present review is to recognize the different body fluid compartments, to clinically assess the degree of dehydration, to know how the equilibrium between extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid is maintained, to calculate the effective blood osmolality and discuss both parenteral fluid maintenance and replacement.
MeSH terms
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Body Fluids / metabolism*
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Body Water / metabolism
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Dehydration / diagnosis
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Dehydration / etiology
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Dehydration / metabolism*
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Dehydration / therapy
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Diarrhea / complications
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Diarrhea / diagnosis
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Diarrhea / etiology
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Diarrhea / metabolism*
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Diarrhea / therapy
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Extracellular Fluid / metabolism
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Fluid Therapy / methods
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Humans
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Hypernatremia / metabolism
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Hyponatremia / metabolism
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Intracellular Fluid / metabolism
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Osmolar Concentration
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Severity of Illness Index
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Sodium Chloride / metabolism*
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Treatment Outcome
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Vomiting / complications
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Vomiting / diagnosis
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Vomiting / etiology
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Vomiting / metabolism*
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Vomiting / therapy
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Water-Electrolyte Balance*