Connexin43 hemichannels contribute to cadmium-induced oxidative stress and cell injury

Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011 Jun 15;14(12):2427-39. doi: 10.1089/ars.2010.3150. Epub 2011 Mar 31.

Abstract

We investigated the potential involvement of connexin hemichannels in cadmium ions (Cd(2+))-elicited cell injury. Transfection of LLC-PK1 cells with a wild-type connexin43 (Cx43) sensitized them to Cd(2+)-elicited cell injury. The cell susceptibility to Cd(2+) was increased by depletion of glutathione (GSH) with DL-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine, and decreased by N-acetyl-cysteine or glutathione reduced ethyl ester. Fibroblasts derived from Cx43 wild-type (Cx43+/+) and knockout (Cx43-/-) fetal littermates displayed different susceptibility to Cd(2+). Cd(2+) induced a higher concentration of reactive oxygen species, a stronger activation c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and significantly more severe cell injury in Cx43+/+ fibroblasts, as compared with Cx43-/- fibroblasts. Cd(2+) caused a reduction in intracellular GSH, whereas it elevated extracellular GSH. This effect of Cd(2+) was more dramatic in Cx43+/+ than Cx43-/- fibroblasts. Treatment of Cx43+/+ fibroblasts with Cd(2+) caused a Cx43 hemichannel-dependent influx of Lucifer Yellow and efflux of ATP. Collectively, our study demonstrates that Cx43 sensitizes cells to Cd(2+)-initiated cytotoxicity, possibly through hemichannel-mediated effects on intracellular oxidative status.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetylcysteine / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Cadmium / pharmacology*
  • Cell Line
  • Connexin 43 / genetics
  • Connexin 43 / metabolism*
  • Fibroblasts / cytology
  • Fibroblasts / drug effects
  • Gap Junctions / drug effects*
  • Gap Junctions / metabolism
  • Glutathione / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects*
  • RNA, Small Interfering / metabolism
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Swine

Substances

  • Connexin 43
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Cadmium
  • Glutathione
  • Acetylcysteine