Reduced atrial emptying after orthotopic heart transplantation masquerading as restrictive transmitral Doppler flow pattern?*

Echocardiography. 2011 Feb;28(2):168-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2010.01280.x.

Abstract

Background: An elevated early (E) to late (A) diastolic filling velocities ratio, typically seen in advanced diastolic dysfunction, has also been observed after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation as a consequence of the depressed left atrial (LA) contractility. We hypothesized that the impaired LA contractile function demonstrated after orthotopic cardiac transplantation (OCT) could also lead to this "pseudorestrictive" pattern.

Method: E/A ratio related to the tissue Doppler early mitral annular velocity (Ea) as preload-independent index of LV relaxation was evaluated in all consecutive OCT patients between 2005 and 2007.

Results: The study population comprised 48 patients 97 ± 77 months after OCT. Thirty-two patients (67%) had an E/A ratio > 2. LV systolic function and myocardial relaxation assessed by the Ea velocity were similar compared to patients with normal ratio (61 ± 6% vs. 60 ± 12%, P = 0.854 and 15 ± 4 cm/s vs. 14 ± 3 cm/s, r = 0.15, P = 0.323, respectively). On the other hand, the proportion of the recipient and donor LA cuffs as estimated by the recipient/global LA area ratio and the LA emptying fraction significantly correlated with the E/A ratio (r = 0.40, P = 0.005 and r =-0.33, P = 0.022, respectively).

Conclusion: Our study shows that there is a high prevalence of elevated E/A ratio after standard OCT which seems mainly related to reduced LA contractility. Recognition of this "pseudorestrictive" pattern may avoid misdiagnosis of diastolic dysfunction.

MeSH terms

  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Echocardiography, Doppler / methods*
  • Female
  • Heart Atria / diagnostic imaging*
  • Heart Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Heart Transplantation / diagnostic imaging*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mitral Valve Stenosis / diagnostic imaging*
  • Mitral Valve Stenosis / etiology*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sensitivity and Specificity