Peripheral endothelial dysfunction in patients suffering from acute schizophrenia: a potential marker for cardiovascular morbidity?

Abstract

Patients suffering from schizophrenia have an increased standardized ratio for cardiovascular mortality compared to the general population. Endothelial function was identified as a prominent parameter for cardiac risk stratification in patients with heart disease. Here, we aimed to analyze the reactivity of the microcirculation applying the post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) test and spectral analysis of skin vasomotion as markers of endothelial function. We investigated 21 unmedicated patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia as well as 21 matched controls. The capillary blood flow was assessed on the right forearm after compression of the brachial artery. Parameters of PORH such as time to peak (TP) or PORH index were calculated. In addition, spectral analysis of skin vasomotion was performed and five frequency bands (endothelial, sympathetic, vascular myogenic, respiratory and heart beat activity) were studied. Psychotic symptoms were quantified using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and correlated to the parameters obtained. We report a blunted hyperemic response in patients after occlusion of the brachial artery indicated by significantly increased TP and decreased PORH indices. In contrast, vasomotion as investigated by spectral analysis of skin flow was rather sparsely altered showing differences at rest for the sympathetic and cardiac components only. Our results are suggestive of peripheral endothelial dysfunction in unmedicated patients suffering from schizophrenia. Future, prospective studies should address the relation of endothelial dysfunction to cardiac morbidity in patients with schizophrenia.