Experimental demonstration of frequency pulling in single-pass free-electron lasers

Opt Express. 2011 May 23;19(11):10619-24. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.010619.

Abstract

Frequency pulling is a well-known phenomenon in standard laser physics, leading to a shift of the laser frequency when the cavity and maximum gain frequencies are detuned. In this letter we present the first experimental demonstration of frequency pulling in single-pass free-electron lasers. Measurements are performed using the single-pass free-electron laser installed on the Elettra storage ring.