Catalytic growth of metallic tungsten whiskers based on the vapor-solid-solid mechanism

Nanotechnology. 2008 Aug 27;19(34):345604. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/34/345604. Epub 2008 Jul 16.

Abstract

Metallic W whiskers with tip diameters of 50-250 nm and lengths of 2-4 µm have been successfully synthesized in large quantities using Co-Ni alloyed catalysts. The relatively low growth temperature of 850 °C and the large catalyst size (over 100 nm) suggest that the growth of the W whiskers must be governed by the vapor-solid-solid mechanism. Our results show that the vapor-solid-solid model is suitable not only for the growth of nano-scaled whiskers with diameters below 100 nm, but also for submicro-scaled whiskers with diameters well above 100 nm. This technique has great potential to synthesize well controlled metallic whiskers.