The development of Orthopedics and Traumatology in the last 50 years have been characterized by the concurrence of several milestone events, such as the disappearance of polio and osteoarticular tuberculosis, the progress of some disciplines such as Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Diagnostic Imaging and technology development. As for other common diseases, also for osteoporosis the evolution of knowledge about pathophysiology and treatment represents a "must" to know for the orthopaedic surgeons.