Scleritis therapy

Abstract

Objective: To delineate factors associated with a successful response to treatment in patients with various manifestations of scleritis.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: A total of 392 patients with noninfectious anterior scleritis.

Methods: We reviewed the electronic health records of 392 patients with noninfectious anterior scleritis seen at 2 tertiary referral centers and studied the factors associated with successful treatment.

Main outcome measures: Patient characteristics (age, sex); ocular disease characteristics (laterality, type of scleritis, degree of scleral inflammation, ocular complications, delay in presentation, and follow-up period), systemic disease association (associated disease, potentially lethal associated disease); and anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medications were studied in patients with scleritis. Successful treatment response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs), immunosuppressive therapy drugs (immunomodulatory therapy [IMT]), or biologic response modifiers (BRMs) was assessed.

Results: Treatment of 392 patients with noninfectious anterior scleritis included NSAIDs in 144 (36.7%), SAIDs in 29 (7.4%), IMT in 149 (38.0%), BRMs in 56 (14.3%), and none (N = 14). Successful response to treatment with NSAIDs was associated with idiopathic diffuse or nodular scleritis with a low degree of scleral inflammation (≤ 2+) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.89, P < 0.001) and with idiopathic diffuse or nodular scleritis without ocular complications (OR = 3.13, P < 0.001). Successful treatment with SAIDs was associated with idiopathic diffuse or nodular scleritis with a high degree of scleral inflammation (>2+) (OR = 4.70, P = 0.001). Successful treatment with IMT was associated with diffuse or nodular scleritis with associated systemic disease (OR = 1.57, P = 0.047), mainly potentially lethal (OR = 17.41, P=0.007), and necrotizing scleritis (OR = 4.73, P = 0.026). Successful treatment with BRMs was associated with diffuse or nodular scleritis with associated systemic disease (OR = 3.15, P < 0.001). This study did not require institutional review board approval because the information does not contain any subject identifiers.

Conclusions: Patients with idiopathic diffuse or nodular scleritis with a low degree of scleral inflammation or without ocular complications may respond to NSAIDs. Patients with idiopathic diffuse or nodular scleritis with a high degree of scleral inflammation may respond to SAIDs. Patients with diffuse or nodular scleritis with associated systemic disease may respond to IMT or BRMs. Patients with necrotizing scleritis may respond to IMT, mainly alkylating agents.

Financial disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.